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Fuxian Lake () is a body of water in Yunnan Province, China. It stretches through Chengjiang, Jiangchuan and Huaning County Counties, spanning an area of 212 square kilometers. It is the third-largest lake in Yunnan, after Dian Lake and Erhai Lake, and the deepest, at 155 meters. It is the third-deepest fresh water lake in China, after Heaven Lake and Kanas Lake.
Together with other Yunnan lakes (Dian Lake, Qilu Lake, Yangzong Lake, Xingyun Lake, and Yilong Lake), Fuxian is recognized as an ecoregion.Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: Yunnan Lakes. Retrieved 15 February 2017. It is one of three major lakes in the province with a high number of endemic species, the others being Dian (Dianchi) and Erhai Lake.Wang, Wang, Li, Du, Yang, Lassoie, and Hassan (2013). Six decades of changes in vascular hydrophyte and fish species in three plateau lakes in Yunnan, China. Biodivers. Conserv. 22: 3197–3221. There are 24 native fish species and subspecies in Fuxian Lake, including 11 endemics. The situation for most of these is precarious: besides being threatened by the introduction of 26 species of exotic fish, they have also fallen victim to habitat degradation, water pollution, and overfishing.Yang, J.X. and Y.R. Chen, editors (1995). The biology and resource utilization of the fishes of Fuxian Lake, Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, China. The endemic fish are all or Nemacheilidae.
The extinction of endemic fish species, together with some native , accelerated in the first decade of the 21st century.
The fungus Dyrithiopsis lakefuxianensis, growing on submerged wood, has been collected from Fuxian Lake and described as a newly discovered species, as indicated by its scientific name. The prehistoric Fuxianhuia from the early-Cambrian, significant in discussions of early arthropod evolution, is also named after the lake, where it was discovered in 1987.
In 2006, China Central Television made an additional survey. Carbon dating in 2007 found shells attached to relics to be roughly 1,750 years old. In October 2014 additional research was made on the site by a multidisciplinary team. Portions were mapped and 42 handmade stone artifacts were recovered from a depth of seven meters.
+ Endemic fish in Fuxian Lake Possibly extinct (last seen in the 1990s) Possibly extinct (last seen in the 1990s) Possibly extinct (last seen in the 1990s) Still survives, but strong decline Possibly extinct (last seen in the 1990s) Still survives, but nearing extinction Possibly extinct (last seen in the 1990s) Still survives. Recent evidence suggests it should be considered a species ( Percocypris regani) instead of a subspecies ( Percocypris pingi regani)Wang, Yang, and Chen (2013). Phylogeny and Biogeography of Percocypris (Cyprinidae, Teleostei). PLoS ONE 8(6): e61827. Still survives Possibly extinct (last seen in the 1990s) Possibly extinct (last seen in the 1990s)
Lost city
In 2001 People's Daily reported that earthenware and stonework covering an area of approximately 2.4–2.7 square kilometers had been discovered beneath the lake. It is speculated that the settlement slid into the lake during an earthquake. Yunnan Museum archaeologist Zhang Zengqi linked the ruins with a city called Yunyuan that once stood by the side of the lake, but this theory has been overturned by later analysis.
Panorama
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